LI Aktuell
All papers can be ordered here.
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Sport as Virtue . . . as Love . . . as Commerce
Lincoln Allison, 2008
What is sport: simply a pastime? Just a business? Is it a cultural activity? Lincoln Allison describes, how things among sportsmen and spectators have changed over the years and he shows that the concept of amateurism is neither financial nor social. PDF-file
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Sport, the State and the Market
Raymond D. Sauer, 2008
Spectator sport has never been more popular, at least as measured by audience, size and ticket prices. That we love sport does not imply that we should be seeking to protect it from the marketplace. Rather, an enjoyable and vibrant world of sport comes from allowing individuals to organize the competitions in ways that consumers find most appealing. PDF-file
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Freedom Properly Understood
Tom G. Palmer, 2008
Freedom is rightly considered to be the highest end of mankind. While many people agree on this, many people do not agree what freedom actually is. Quite often it is confused with the material goods that flow from it, such as wealth. health or knowledge. This often provides politicians with some justification for limitations of freedom in the name of these goods. Tom Palmer (Cato Institute, Washington) in his essay tries to clarify the discussion about what freedom actually is. PDF-file
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Civil Society? NGOism at Work
Temba A. Nolutshungu, 2008
Temba Nolutshungu criticizes NGOs in the “statist camp”. They are a mostly living with a bifurcated view to the world – villains on one side, victims on the other. As they permanently lobby for increased state intervention in their particular area, they hardly deserve the label “NGO”. In a further step he characterizes the approach of classical liberal NGOs, who believe in taking personal responsibility for one’s own destiny. PDF-file
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KYOTO – several years after
Martin Fronìk and Jirí Schwarz, 2008
Global climate change is in the headlines every day. The most important documents for the debate are the Reports Climate Change 2007 by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and the Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change, written by the former chief economist of the World Bank. Fronek and Schwarz elaborate the criticism of top academic economists on these two documents. PDF-file
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Human Rights in Danger? Myths and Realities in the UN
Doug Bandow, 2008
On the whole, the Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations 60 years ago offers a positive vision for humanity. Doug Bandow gives a disillusioned description of today’s human rights engagement of the UN, which he regards a lost opportunity and failure. Should democratic states consider investing the bulk of their current UN contributions in a new organization, open only to liberal democratic nations? PDF-file
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CSR: CAPITALISM AT ITS BEST OR AN ANTI-CAPITALIST MENTALITY?
Parth J. Shah, 2008
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is widely accepted as a high moral achievement in modern market society. Self-interest and morality are still seen as opposites. Shah disapproves special ethics for business men: “What we need is not corporate social responsibility but individual self-responsibility.” Not special ethics for social groups are required: “Business morality is simply personal morality. No more and no less.” PDF-file
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Soft Power and International Rule-making
Frank Vibert, 2008
In international rule-making there is a mix of hard and soft techniques. In his paper Frank Vibert focuses particularly on soft power in the sense of making international rules of behaviour as a way of avoiding the use of coercive means also as economic sanctions and the use of force. PDF-file
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NATION-BUILDING IN THE MIDDLE EAST:
THE NEW IMPERIALISM ?
Erich Weede, 2008
Since September 11, 2001, failed states within the Muslim world are perceived as training camps and bases for the global export of violence. The rich countries of the West and especially the United States undergo big efforts to avoid state-failure by nation-building everywhere on the globe. Erich Weede firstly outlines some obstacles to successful nation-building, followed by analysis of the experiences in Afghanistan and Iraq. PDF-file
Occasional Paper 41
The Crisis of the WTO
Wolf-Dieter Zumpfort, 2008
The paper begins with a short overview of world trade after World War II, followed by a discussion of the current situation. WTO with its 151 member countries today is the legal backbone of world trade. The ongoing round of negotiations has come to a standoff. A failure would nullify all that has been achieved so far. If there is no outcome, what is at stake for world trade - and e.g. for the developing countries?PDF-file
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A Market driven critique on the International Financial Institutions role in the Development Process in Latin America
Juan Carlos Leal Sosa, 2008
The International Financial Institutions (IFI), World Bank and International Monetary Fund, are today in the struggle to survive or compete in the global world they help to create. In several crises in Latin America, the IMF stepped into its role as lender of last resort. The interventions of the IFI were vast - and sometimes unnecessary. Are they still up to date, as in today’s world helping has become a private business?PDF-file
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Early Childhood Education in Finland
Liisa Heinämäki, 2008
In this paper Early Childhood Education in Finland is presented by three main aspects: 1. Finnish Social policy as a frame for Early Years Education, 2. Arranging Services: systems and forms, and 3. Early Years Education: Principles and Guiding. Early Childhood Education and Care includes Caring, Educating and Teaching. ECEC is educational interaction taking place in young children's different living environments, aimed at promoting their balanced growth, development and learning. PDF-file
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The Impact of Tax and Benefits on Family Structure
Patricia Morgan, 2008
Are we a social species? Not if UK household trends are anything to go by – these just suggest increasing fragmentation or atomisation.
As strongly deterrent tax and benefit structure and messy marital laws mean that less and less people will get married, the percentage of all children born to unwed mothers will go on rising and, in the ongoing contest between two reproductive strategies, the direction of the social dynamic is towards fewer conjugal families and more woman-state-child families. PDF-file
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Quality, Quantity and Type of Child Care: Effects on Child Development in the USA
Jay Belsky, 2008
This paper summarises major findings emerging from the largest and most systematic investigation of the developmental effects of nonmaternal child care on children’s development ever conducted in USA, the NICHD Study of Early Child Care (SECC). PDF-file
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Free Markets and Peace – An International Overview
Erik Gartzke, 2007
Generating peace obviously is an important condition of allowing market mechanisms, limiting the ambit of government and of integrating nations through the network of voluntary exchanges. PDF-file
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Unfulfilled expectations: Israelis’ changing view of the role of the state and its implications
Tamar Hermann, 2007
For a long time the Israeli Jewish society was characterized by a deeply rooted collectivist orientation. The strong state was seen in positive light. Only since the late 1970s slight changes in the attitude towards the state began to appear. In the present paper Tamar Herman, Professor at the Open University of Israel, analyses this process and its consequences for the Israeli society. PDF-file
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Devolution as a Guarantor of Peace
Leon Louw, 2007
The term „devolution“ does mean, that power is passed down to regions, districts, local governments, communities, etc. We know from experience that devolution does further liberty, peace, prosperity and is in harmony with principles of democracy. PDF-file
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Orange Revolution: Origins, Successes and Failures of Democratic Transformation
Olexiy Haran, Petro Burkovsky, 2007
The Orange Revolution was a symbol of hope for people in the whole post-Soviet space. In 2004 the falsification of the Presidential elections led to massive and finally successful protests. Two years later, in 2006, the Ukrainian political system and the democratic forces faced serious problems. PDF- file
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Consequences of Military and Foreign Policy Competion for Economic Development and the Growth of Big Government
Peter Bernholz, 2007
„War is the father of all things“, so thought Heraclitus. Vergilius’ opinion however was „No good is in war“. The author takes for empirical reasons a middle position: Military and political competition of states has in the long run favourable influences in establishing market competition and is beneficial to economic growth. As a rule this does lead to a long-term reduction of the share of military exependitures. PDF-file
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A Variety Of Visions For The Post-9/11 State: Which Is Most Capable Of Reducing Internal Conflict?
John A. Tures, 2007
Empirical data suggest that countries with governments which respect civil liberties and economic freedoms are less likely to have domestic conflicts than countries with non-liberal government. PDF-file
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How the United Nations Undermines World Peace
Pierre Bessard, 2007
In this paper the author sharply criticises the United Nations for its statist and relativist approach. Behind a glossy façade the organisation did not unite nations, but governments. Pierre Bessard analyzes policies and ideology of the UN and demonstrates that its agenda is collectivist and anti-capitalist. PDF-file
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The West Divided? The Future of Transatlantic Relations
Jacques Garello, 2007
Only five years after the events of September 11th 2001 a deep division among the Western governments became obvious. In the present “Occasional Paper”, Jacques Garello, em. Professor at the Université d’Aix Marseille III, analyzes the main reasons for this division. PDF-file
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Freedom and Competion: The Future of Europe
Sascha Tamm, 2006
The European integration has brought prosperity and lots of liberties to their citizens. But there are also undesirable developements as bureaucracy and centralisation. This paper contains a liberal concept for the future of Europe. PDF-file
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The Politics of EU Tax Harmonisation
Richard Teather, 2006
The European Union has already many powers to raise and harmonise taxes. This not only tifles tax competition, say British economist Richard Teather. It is an attempt to impose the increasingly failing “social model” of “old Europe” on those who do not wish to follow that path. PDF-File
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The Moral Case for Tax Havens
Daniel J. Mitchell, 2006
International institutions like the OECD or the EU are increasingly impatient about so-called “tax havens” and ask for concerted political action against them. In his provocative study Daniel Mitchell (Heritage Foundation) not only argues that tax havens are a necessary pre-condition for genuine tax competition. He also argues that they are safeguards for the individual rights of those who are persecuted by dictatorial regimes all around the globe. PDF-File
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The Economics of International Tax Competition
Gerrit Köster, 2006
In the debate over the advantages or disadvantages of international tax competition it is often overlooked that there are robust economic criteria for its evaluation. To put it more precisely: Under which conditions is tax competition the source of wealth, solid public finances and more employment through innovation? Gerrit B. Koester gives an introduction into the most elementary answers to these questions. PDF-File
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Unfair Competition? Slovakia's Tax Policy
Martin Chren, 2006
Slovakia’s dynamic tax policies have not only produced more economic growth, they have also invited criticism from high-tax countries of the EU. “Unfair competition” is the new slogan for those who would like to harmonise taxation on a very high level. Slovakia’s tax policies are, however, not unfair at all, argues Martin Chren (Hayek Foundation, Bratislava). They are rather an incentive for others to “clean up” their tax systems. PDF-File
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Liberty: The best Remedy against Poverty
Otto Graf Lambsdorff, reprint 2005
Opponents of the free market often argue, that freedom was good for the rich, but bad for the poor. Otto Graf Lambsdorff (former chairman of the Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung) argues that – on the contrary – the market economy was and is the only path to economic development for the poor. PDF-File
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The Social Dimension of Liberal Policy
Hubertus Müller-Groeling, reprint 2005
“Liberal policy has per se an important social dimension”, says Prof Müller-Groehling in his new paper. “It is based on a model of society which is intrinsically social, and safeguards the freedom of the individual to fulfil his life plan in the civil society,” says Professor Hubertus Mueller-Groeling, a member of the Friedrich Naumann Foundation’s board and former vice-president of the Institute for World Economics. PDF-File
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Education without the State - British private and charitable schooling in the 19th century and beyond
James Bartholomew, 2006
A historical perspective does demonstrate that many results of the public education sector could have been easily achieved by private and non-governmental mean. On the contrary, the state’s influence often lead to a decline in quality. PDF-File
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Independent Schooling in South Africa
Jean Redpath, 2006
In South Africa tuition fees have, contrary to the law, excluded many children of the poor from public schools. The relative privileged position of formerly white schools has been reinforced. At the same time private schools have increase in the low income segment, where the low quality of the public schools has created a new demand fort hem. PDF-File
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Education and the Free Society
Kenneth Minogue, 2006
Education, understood as the activity of sustaining and transmitting of culture needs freedom as a condition of ist existence. Potentially it is always in conflict with other interests and institutions in society. PDF-File
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Europe and Education
Ulrich van Lith, 2006
Competing educational and training systems strengthen Europe and her member states. A European capital market for investment in human capital has to increase the competitiveness and integration of Europe. PDF-File
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An Overview of Parental Choice Education in the United States
Jennifer Marshall, 2006
Choice in education in the US leads to mor equality of chances and gives more opportunities to disadvantaged student from a low-income family background. School choice has improved the achievements of public schools and their students and has contributed to more contendment of the parents. PDF-File
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The Impact of Dezentralized Knowledge on Education
Peter A. Henning, 2006
How does the extreme growth of data and knowledge and its half-life period affect the use and quality of education. Education in the 21st century will means the access to electronic ressources of learning – at any place and not ending at a certain age. PDF-File
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The state versus the Poor
David C. Berliner, 2006
The positive correlation between family income and educational achievement has the effect that in the US the school system does not reach ist goals. PDF-File
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The Use of International Comparative Assessment Studies
Jaap Scheerens, 2006
International comparative educational assessment studies can be useful in analysing and comparing the average national standards, the differences between the achievements of schools and students, and the effects of given pre-conditions of the school system. They can answer questions about efficiency and quality standards. PDF-File
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Sustainability criticised
Richard D North, 2005
"Sustainability" has become something like a universal standard of politics beyond criticism. But what's behind this? In his paper "Sustainable Development: A Concept with a Future?" British publicist Richard D. North points at the weak spots in this concept. PDF-File
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Between Freedom and Censorship. Asian Political Parties in Cyberspace
James Gomez, 2005
During the last decade the internet became more and more important as an instrument of political campaigning and discussion. The political parties of Asia use this method too, but in very different ways. James Gomez describes in this paper the latest developments in this area. PDF-File
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Human Rights and the Wars on Drugs and Terrorism
Rafael Pardo Rueda, 2005
The countries of Latin America face two threats: political and organized terrorism based on illicit drug trade. The fight against these threats gave the military forces the opportunity to defend their importance and their power during the ongoing process of democratization. The principles of the rule of law are not fully or not at all applied on their actions. Rafael Pardo, a former defence minister of Columbia explains how the fight against security threats became a threat to human rights itself and offers some proposals to improve the legal framework. PDF-File
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The Drug War Against Civil Liberty and Human Rights
David B. Kopel, Michael Krause, 2005
In 1971 President Nixon launched the modern war on drugs. It is fought today by a huge expensive bureaucracy and militarized police units. The authors analyze how this policy violates America’s founding principles of individual liberty, limited government, and federalism and present some reform proposals. PDF-File
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Liberty in the Modern World
Richard D. North, 2005
Modern people have more freedom than any in history, but perhaps understand it rather less. The author wants to remind ourselves that liberty – rights and freedoms – flows from good government and order and not at least from responsible citizens. PDF-File
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What are Human Rights?
Hardy Bouillon, 2005
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights consists of logically inconsistent bundle of rights and claim-rights. Hardy Bouillon demonstrates in this paper that this problem can only be solved if human rights are put in terms of property rights. Claim-rights are always connected with violations of property rights and therefore capable of eroding human rights in general. PDF-File
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Globalisation: Threat or Opportunity to Women in the Developing World?
Jo Kwong, 2004
Women in developing countries are often poorer than their male counterparts. Is globalisation to blame? Jo Kwong shows that the freedom of the market and the freedom to organise themselves offers enormous chances to women. PDF-File
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Do Intellectual Property Rights Harm Africa
James Shikwati, 2004
Why can you buy Coca Cola even in the smallest of all African villages, but why not medicine? James S. Shikwati (Nairobi) argues the case for better copy-right protection in developing countries.PDF-File
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Could the Globalisation of Education Benefit the Poor
James Tooley, 2004
The state has failed to deliver good education for the great mass of the people in developing countries. But would globalisation and privatisation produce something better? Yes, it would, says British experts James Tooley, and comes up with some remarkable empirical evidence. PDF-File
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Globalisation and Culture
Tom Palmer, 2004
Will globalisation condemn us to cultural uniformity? Tom Palmer (Cato Institute, Washington) says in his paper, that this is not the case. On the contrary, globalisation in freedom has all it takes to enrich our cultures. PDF-File
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Globalisation and the Poor
Johan Norberg, 2004
Johan Norberg, a young Swedish historian, became famous for his great bestselling book „In Defence of Global Capitalism“. It has been translated into 6 languages. The German translation „Das kapitalistische Manifest“ was published by the Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung in cooperation with the Eichborn-Verlag. PDF-File
All papers can be ordered here.
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